Productivity Software

Archive for the ‘measure productivity software’ Category

25. The sound recorder allows you to record up to a maximum of how many seconds? (1 point)
45 seconds
120 seconds
90 seconds
60 seconds
26. The ___________chip controls the most basic functions of a computer. Every time you turn on your computer, this chip runs a self check and gives commands to the hardware and Operating System to start. (1 point)
BIOS
BOIS
IDE
BSID
27. The speed of the bus is measured in (1 point)
Megahertz
Gigawatts
Kilometers
Electrahertz
28. The AGP ( Accelerated Graphics Port) is where you would connect your ___________ to the computer system. (1 point)
Modem
Monitor
Printer
Processor
29. Which of the following is NOT an example of what a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) slot would be used for? (1 point)
Video card
Sound card
Modem
Mouse
30. What choice below would be the best reason that form factors come in many different shapes and sizes? (1 point)
People like variety in looks and models of computers.
Computer systems vary in the different components within the system, therefore the shape and size will vary.
Computer manufacturers want to separate the computers look from their competitors
None of the above
31. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a LCD monitor? (1 point)
They are more energy friendly then the CRT monitor.
They are easier on the eye then the CRT monitor.
They are bulkier then the CRT monitor.
They have been in existence longer then the CRT monitor.
32. VGA connections use what type of signals to communicate from the video card to the monitor? (1 point)
Digital signals
Analog signals
Light signals
Traffic signals
33. A resolution setting of 800 x 600 means that the screen is set to which of the following choices? (1 point)
The display is 800 pixels wide by 600 pixels high.
The display is 600 pixels wide by 800 pixels high.
The display is 800 inches wide by 600 inches high.
The display is 800 mm wide by 600 mm high.
34. The inkjet printer works by using a tiny _______of ink that applies precise dots of ink to the paper to produce an image? (1 point)
ball
rectangle
circle
pin
35. Many printer manufacturers today are offering ______compatible printer connections which make the printers easier to plug and play. (1 point)
parallel port
serial port
USB port
BUS port
36. Michael is a video editor at the local news channel. He has been searching for a new computer to help improve his productivity. Which of the following ports below would Michael look for to help improve the speed of his data transfer from his digital camera to his computer? (1 point)
Parallel port
FireWire port
Serial port
USB
37. Which external device would not use a parallel port to connect to the computer? (1 point)

Mouse
Printer
Scanner
External Hard Drive
38. Which of the following is NOT an example of hardware? (1 point)
Monitor
Mouse
Keyboard
Microsoft Windows
39. The purpose of this type of hardware is to provide the user with the ability to view the information that is being inputted by the user and produced by the computer. An example would be a printer. (1 point)
Output
Input
Storage
Processing
40. Which program can be found in Windows Accessories feature? (1 point)
Word
Notepad
Excel
My Documents
41. When buying a new memory for your computer it is important to ________. (1 point)
match the brand name of the existing memory
match memory speed of the existing memory
Excel
None of the above
42. The common memory found in most computers is _____________. (1 point)
DDR
RDRAM
VRAM
SDRAM
43. A modem allows a computer to _________________. (1 point)
send print messages through a parallel port to a printer
access software programs
connect to other computers
store data
44. A useful tool for navigating to places on a computer is _____________. (1 point)
System Information
Backup
HyperTerminal
Windows Explorer
45. A useful tool for locating a file or folder on a computer is ____________. (1 point)
Search
Find and Replace
Run
Synchronize
46. Before turning off the power to a computer, it is important to ____________? (1 point)
turn off the monitor
shut down
turn off the surge protector
unplug the network cable
47. Basic information about a computer is found in ___________________? (1 point)
System Properties
Accessories
Search
Documents
48. To customize many features of a computer, it is helpful to use ___________. (1 point)
the Start menu
the Accessories tool
the Programs menu
the Control panel
49. If a file or folder is accidentally deleted, which of the following is possible? (1 point)
the data is deleted immediately and permanently
the deleted data can be retrieved from Disk Cleanup
the deleted data can be retrieved in the Recycle Bin
none of the above
50. The earliest form of removable storage was _____________. (1 point)
magnetic
optical
virtual
paper

25 not enough info (varies by computer)
26 BIOS
27 Megahertz
28 Monitor
29 Mouse
30 None of the Above (available size varies ex. desktop vs. laptop)
31 They are bulkier than CRTs
32 Analog
33 800 pixels wide by 600 pixels high
34 ball
35 USB port
36 FireWire
37 Mouse
38 Microsoft Windows
39 Output
40 Notepad
41 None of the above
42 DDR
43 connect to other computers
44 Windows Explorer
45 Search
46 shut down
47 System Properties
48 the Control panel
49 the deleted data can be retrieved in the Recycle Bin
50 paper

1. Soon, all people will be forced to wear taser bracelets on your wrist when you’re on planes and other places and if someone gets out of line, the authorities will push a button and electrocute you. And you’ll fall to the ground in writhing pain, urinating all over yourself begging for mercy.
2. Before too long, these taser bracelets will be worn by EVERYONE, 24/7/365, even at home or at work. But that will be a few years down the road.
3. Microsoft has patented a sophisticated set of hardware/software that allows employers to spy on employees in ways compltely unimaginable – it monitors your facial expressions, your pulse rate, your health, your location down to the inch, etc. ANd it measures your productivity, so they can grade your performance in "black and white" and fire you if you are not putting up the numbers, so to speak.
4. School children are told to spy on their own parents, marking down notes in a special notebook and handing this information over to their teachers and then on to the authorities, where action may be taken against the parents for "crimes" such as wasting water, turning the heat up too high, not recycling enough, using too much electricity, etc.
5. Workers that frequently enter peoples’ homes, such as cable and phone installers, carpet cleaners, etc are trained by the government to look for certain "waring signs" inside private peoples’ homes. THey fill out a checklist and hand it over to the proper authorities, where action may be taken against you, based on the information your cable guy ratted on you.
6. FEMA camps are quietly being constructed to round up 80% of the population and to kill 80% of the population. FEMA coffins will be used to unceremoniously dispose of the bodes – two people to a box.
7. Cell phones can be activated remotely to spy on you with the phone’s speaker, microphone, camera, tower data, and GPS hardware. Even if the phone is turned off, it can spy on you any time, any place.
8. The illuminati, Bilderbergers and various other globalist evil groups are determined to exterminate 90% of the population.
9. Very soon, cars will have mandatory GPS systems that tell the government where your car is at all times, how far you’ve driven per day, and will be able to control your speed and even shut your car off at any time if they want to.
10. All PEOPLE will be forced to have a chip installed under their skin, to track your person’s wherabouts at all times and to eventually serve as your means of paying for things. SO you will not have any purchasing power with the press of a button if the government wants to cut off your funds, you will starve.

1. Soon, all people will be forced to wear taser bracelets on your wrist when you’re on planes and other places and if someone gets out of line, the authorities will push a button and electrocute you. And you’ll fall to the ground in writhing pain, urinating all over yourself begging for mercy.
~I do not know where you get this from? This is a democracy not a dictatorship country, that is impossible.
2. Before too long, these taser bracelets will be worn by EVERYONE, 24/7/365, even at home or at work. But that will be a few years down the road.
~Where are you hearing all these things? And this is pretty much the same question said as above.
3. Microsoft has patented a sophisticated set of hardware/software that allows employers to spy on employees in ways compltely unimaginable – it monitors your facial expressions, your pulse rate, your health, your location down to the inch, etc. ANd it measures your productivity, so they can grade your performance in "black and white" and fire you if you are not putting up the numbers, so to speak.

~How would they do that? Unless you leave your camera on?
4. School children are told to spy on their own parents, marking down notes in a special notebook and handing this information over to their teachers and then on to the authorities, where action may be taken against the parents for "crimes" such as wasting water, turning the heat up too high, not recycling enough, using too much electricity, etc.
~Well this on is not true such as the other ones, but kids/teens will be kids/teens if you mad at your parents as stupid as it would be to tell someone that they would if they thought is was getting back at there parents. But this cannot be mandatory.
5. Workers that frequently enter peoples’ homes, such as cable and phone installers, carpet cleaners, etc are trained by the government to look for certain "waring signs" inside private peoples’ homes. THey fill out a checklist and hand it over to the proper authorities, where action may be taken against you, based on the information your cable guy ratted on you.
~What are you being rated on? This question isn’t clear.
6. FEMA camps are quietly being constructed to round up 80% of the population and to kill 80% of the population. FEMA coffins will be used to unceremoniously dispose of the bodes – two people to a box.
~This sound like you going back to the Holocaust, your talking a lot about things Hitler would have done. Other then he used consentration camps.
7. Cell phones can be activated remotely to spy on you with the phone’s speaker, microphone, camera, tower data, and GPS hardware. Even if the phone is turned off, it can spy on you any time, any place.
8. The illuminati, Bilderbergers and various other globalist evil groups are determined to exterminate 90% of the population.
~A lot of people think the government is trying to kill most of the population, but why do you only keep mentioning 80%? Wouldn’t they go for 90% mor like? I have been told the H1M1(Swine Flu) vaccine is ment to kill people. In a way it makes sense because all the quote unquote low lifes in the world who live off of the government and never try, well the governement wouldn’t have to pay for them anymore.
9. Very soon, cars will have mandatory GPS systems that tell the government where your car is at all times, how far you’ve driven per day, and will be able to control your speed and even shut your car off at any time if they want to.
~The government wont shut it off the car will shut it’s own self off, actually that’s kind of a good idea this would stop a lot of car crashes too, not saying there all going to stop but some anyways, Most cars now days have GPS in them I don’t think necessarily for the government but if someone was missing and there car was it could find them. Actually the new three wheel motorcycles shut themselves off if you go over 50 mph in a curve.
10. All PEOPLE will be forced to have a chip installed under their skin, to track your person’s wherabouts at all times and to eventually serve as your means of paying for things. SO you will not have any purchasing power with the press of a button if the government wants to cut off your funds, you will starve.
~Once again this country is a democracy not a dictatorship, and actually this sounds like a Communism country. Are you sure your looking at conspiracy theories for America?

1. Soon, all people will be forced to wear taser bracelets on your wrist when you’re on planes and other places and if someone gets out of line, the authorities will push a button and electrocute you. And you’ll fall to the ground in writhing pain, urinating all over yourself begging for mercy.
2. Before too long, these taser bracelets will be worn by EVERYONE, 24/7/365, even at home or at work. But that will be a few years down the road.
3. Microsoft has patented a sophisticated set of hardware/software that allows employers to spy on employees in ways compltely unimaginable – it monitors your facial expressions, your pulse rate, your health, your location down to the inch, etc. ANd it measures your productivity, so they can grade your performance in "black and white" and fire you if you are not putting up the numbers, so to speak.
4. School children are told to spy on their own parents, marking down notes in a special notebook and handing this information over to their teachers and then on to the authorities, where action may be taken against the parents for "crimes" such as wasting water, turning the heat up too high, not recycling enough, using too much electricity, etc.
5. Workers that frequently enter peoples’ homes, such as cable and phone installers, carpet cleaners, etc are trained by the government to look for certain "waring signs" inside private peoples’ homes. THey fill out a checklist and hand it over to the proper authorities, where action may be taken against you, based on the information your cable guy ratted on you.
6. FEMA camps are quietly being constructed to round up 80% of the population and to kill 80% of the population. FEMA coffins will be used to unceremoniously dispose of the bodes – two people to a box.

7. Cell phones can be activated remotely to spy on you with the phone’s speaker, microphone, camera, tower data, and GPS hardware. Even if the phone is turned off, it can spy on you any time, any place.
8. The illuminati, Bilderbergers and various other globalist evil groups are determined to exterminate 90% of the population.
9. Very soon, cars will have mandatory GPS systems that tell the government where your car is at all times, how far you’ve driven per day, and will be able to control your speed and even shut your car off at any time if they want to.
10. All PEOPLE will be forced to have a chip installed under their skin, to track your person’s wherabouts at all times and to eventually serve as your means of paying for things. SO you will not have any purchasing power with the press of a button if the government wants to cut off your funds, you will starve.

1 and 2 sounds like a turn-on. But only a dictatorship would do such a thing.
3…I think they have that now, but it’s too expensive for practical application.
4 and 5 Russia has been doing that for nearly a century…no kidding. The U.S. was like that in the 50s.
6 Not likely. Camps are so 1940s.
7 Currently being used.
8 Not likely, since those organizations are $$ based. Eliminate the population and eliminate the profits.
9 We’re half way there with cell phones. I expect the second half in 20 years or less. When the US becomes a dictatorship.and Washington DC finds a way to criminalize every American. They’re another step closer with the new health care bill.
10 Sounds probable.

Maximize your home computing potential with the Gateway 24" LCD Dual Core, 1GB RAM, 250GB HDD Desktop. You’ll love the large 24" LCD monitor for ease of viewing, especially if you like to view multiple windows at once. The 250GB hard drive gives you plenty of processing power and it comes with an 18x DVD +/- RW SuperMulti Drive to make data backups and mix-CD ripping a snap. Plus, it comes with Windows Vista Home Premium, so you get the latest Microsoft operating system technology at your fingertips. There is also a substantial array of pre-installed and user-installed software included to meet all of your home computing needs.

Gateway 24" LCD Dual Core, 1GB RAM, 250GB HDD Desktop Features:

Processor: Intel Pentium Processor E2140 (dual core)

System Memory-RAM: 1024MB DDR 2 (2 x 512MB), 667MHz (PC2- 5300); expandable to 2GB; Total: 2 DDR2 slots/Available: 0 DDR2 slots

Hard Drive: 250GB SATA II Hard Drive (7200 RPM)

Optical Drive: 18x DVD +/- RW SuperMulti Drive featuring LabelFlash technology (Up to 8.5GB with Dual Layer Media). Write max: 18x DVD+/-R, 6x DVD-RW, 8x DVD-RW, 8x DVD+RW, 8x DVD+/-R DL, 12x DVD-RAM, 48x CD-R, 32x CD-RW. Read max: 16x DVD-ROM, 48x CD-ROM.

Operating System: Windows Vista Home Premium

Monitor: 24" widescreen TFT LCD

Card Reader: 15-in-1 digital; accepts xD Picture Card, CompactFlash 1CF, CompactFlash II, Secure Digital (SD), Mini Secure Digital (Mini SD), Multi Media Card (MMC), Reduced Size MMC (RS-MMC), MMC Mobile, MMC Plus, Memory Stick (MS), Memory Stick Duo, Memory Stick Pro, Memory Stick Pro Duo, SmartMedia, IBM Microdrive

Additional Features and Specifications:

* System Bus: 677MHz
* Cache Memory: 1MB
* Graphics: Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950; up to 224MB shared video memory; PCI-Express (PCI e x 16) slot available for upgrade
* Video Memory: Up to 224MB
* Audio: 5.1 high definition audio
* Speakers: Stereo; 6-channel 5.0 high definition audio
* Modem: 56K ITU V. 92 fax / modem
* Network Interface: 10/100 Mbps built-in Ethernet LAN
* External Ports: 6 USB 2.0 (2 front, 4 rear); VGA, parallel port; serial port; 2 PS/2 ports (keyboard and mouse); RJ-45 Ethernet port; RJ-11 modem port; audio ports: 2 audio (front): microphone, front headphone (stereo); 3 audio (rear)line-in (stereo), speakers/headphone (stereo), microphone
* Keyboard: Elite Multimedia keyboard
* Mouse: USB optical 2-button wheel mouse
* Weight: 23.4 lbs.
* Power Supply: 300 watt (internal to desktop)
* Case: Classic system design with brushed silver faceplate
* Measures approx. 15.50"L x 7.25"W x 16.50"H

* Weighs approx. 23.4 lbs.
* Model #GT5672E
* Comes with a manufacturer’s 1-year limited warranty

Software Included:

* Microsoft Works 9.0
* Microsoft Money Essentials
* Microsoft Office Home and Student 2007 (60-day complimentary trial period)
* Adobe Reader
* Vista Integrated DVD Playback with 6-Channel Audio
* CyberLink Power2Go
* Napster 3.0 (30-day trial)
* Microsoft Internet Explorer
* AOL (90-day risk-free offer)
* NetZero Internet Access
* Google Toolbar and Google Desktop Search
* Gateway Connect
* Norton Internet Security (60-day live updates)
* BigFix – helps identify and solve problems
* Spare Backup
* Gateway Games Powered by WildTangent (preinstalled with 10 demo games with 60-minutes of game play)

User-Installed Software: PC Essentials

* DVD 1 – World Book DVD Encyclopedia 2008
* DVD 2 (Entertainment) – Aquazone Desktop Garden; Hoyle Board Games 2007; Hoyle Puzzle Games 2007; Morpheus Photo Animation Suite; Muppet Babies – Thinking and Sorting; My Scrapbook 2; Serif Creativity Suite: Serif Draw Plus 8, Serif Page Plus X2, Serif Panorama Plus 3, Serif Photo Plus 11, Serif Web Plus 10; Sudoku Crunch; Wizard Chess
* DVD 3 (Productivity/Reference) – ACT! 2007; Budget Express 3.0; Cook n’ with Betty Crocker; EMC Retrospect Express HD; Family Tree Heritage 7; Form Tool Deluxe 6; Professor Teaches Vista; Quicken Willmaker Plus 2008; Stuffit Deluxe 11; Sunbird Calendar; Thunderbird Email; Turbo FloorPlan Home Designer; Turbo FloorPlan Landscape and Deck; Typing Instructor Deluxe
* CD 1, 2 and 3 – Tiger Woods 2006

About Gateway…
Looking for easy computing solutions at amazing prices? Gateway offers powerful computers that are simple to set up and a blast to use. You won’t have to worry about poor customer service thanks to unmatched technical support and friendly service. Each computer is also packaged as a complete system, so your computer is ready to go right out of the box!
For warranty information, please call HSN.com Customer Service at 800.933.2887 (8 am-1 am ET).

Note: This item cannot be shipped to Puerto Rico, Guam or the Virgin Islands. The customer should expect delivery within 12 days from their order date. Due to the size of the item, it cannot be shipped

It’s not super amazing, but it’s nothing to laugh at. I have a similar computer and it does everything I want it to. If you’re a gamer, just upgrade the video card to like a 7600GT and add another gig of RAM and it should handle most modern games with ease, (That’s what I did to my computer)

OPTION 1
Onyx Blue Metallic Finish.
•Includes notebook, AC adapter, 4000mAh lithium-ion battery, case
•1.73GHz Intel Pentium dual-core processor T2370
•Mobile Intel GL960 Express chipset
•15.4" diagonal WXGA widescreen TruBrite TFT LCD display with 1280×800 resolution, native 720p signal support
•1024MB PC5300 DDR2 SDRAM
•160GB SATA hard drive
•DVD SuperMulti +/-R double-layer drive, supports 11 formats
•Atheros 802.11b/g wireless LAN
•Mobile Intel Graphics Media Accelerator X3100 with 8MB to 256MB dynamically allocated shared graphics memory
•Built-in stereo speakers
•Modem
•10/100 ethernet
•TouchPad
•5-in-1 bridge media adapter: SD, MS, MS Pro, MMC, xD Picture Card
•Four USB 2.0 ports
•RGB, S-video, headphone outputs
•Microphone input
•RJ-45, RJ-11, IEEE 1394 ports
•ExpressCard slot
•Genuine Windows Vista Home Premium SP1
•MS Works 9
•Adobe Acrobat Reader
•Ulead DVD MovieFactory 5
•Toshiba ConfigFree, Disc Creator
•Measures approximately 14-1/4"W x 10-5/8"H x 1-1/2"D
•UL listed adapter; 1-year Limited Manufacturer’s Warranty
•Made in China
OR————————

OPTION 2
Processor: AMD Athlon X2 Mobile Technology TK-57 (1.9GHz)

Memory: 1024MB DDR2 Dual-Channel, expandable to 4GB

Hard Drive: 80GB HD

Optical Drive: 8x Multi-Format Dual Layer DVD+/-RW with DVD-RAM featuring LabelFlash Technology. Write max: 8x DVD+/-R, 6x DVD-RW, 8x DVD+RW, 2x DVD-R DL, 2.4x DVD+R DL, 5x DVD-RAM, 24x CD-R and 16x CD-RW disks. Read max: 8x DVD-R/RW/ROM, 4x DVD+/-R DL, 5x DVD-RAM, 24x CD-R/RW/ROM disks.

Operating System: Windows Vista Home Premium with SP1

LCD Monitor: 15.4" Widescreen Ultrabright WXGA TFT (1280×800)

Media Card Reader: 5-in-1 digital media manager – Secure Digital (SD), Memory Stick (MS), Memory Stick Pro, Multimedia Card (MMC) and XD-Picture Card

Other Differentiator: Synaptics touchpad with vertical scroll and metal touch-sensitive multimedia buttons

Additional Features and Specifications:
•System Bus: 256KBx2
•Cache Memory: L2 HyperTransport technology at up to 1600MHz
•Graphics: ATI Radeon X1270
•Video Memory: Up to 256MB of HyperMemory
•Mouse: Synaptics touchpad with vertical scroll
•Speakers: Stereo speakers, Microphone In, Headphone/Audio Out
•Modem: 56K ITU V.92 fax/modem
•Network Interface: 10/100 Mbps built-in Ethernet
•Ports: (1) Expresscard Type 54 Expansion Slot, (3) USB 2.0, (1) VGA connector, (1) RJ11-modem, (1) RJ45-Ethernet, (1) AC adapter connector, (1) Kensington Lock Slot, (1) Microphone, (1) Headphone/SPDIF Audio Out, (1) HDMI connector v1.2
•Wireless Network Adapter: 802.11g
•Measures approx. 10.39"L x 14.09"W x 1.4"H
•Weighs 6.29 lbs.
•Model #M-1412
•ETL listed
•Made in China
•Comes with a manufacturer’s 1-year limited warranty
Accessories Include:
•Lithium-ion battery
•3 PC essential software DVDs (not pre-installed)
•3 Tiger Woods 2007 CDs
•User manual
Pre-Installed Software:
•MS Works 9.0
•MS Money Essentials
•MS Office Home and Student 2007 (60-day complimentary trial period)
•Adobe Reader 8
•CyberLink Power2Go for DVD Burning
•Microsoft Windows Media Player 11
•Napster 3.0 (30-day trial)
•Microsoft Internet Explorer
•Google toolbar and Google desktop search
•AOL (90-day complimentary trial)
•Gateway Connect
•NetZero Internet Access
•Windows Live Messenger for Video Conferencing
•LoJack for Laptops BIOS Hardware Persistence Agent (subscription required to activate)
•Kensington Lock Slot (cable lock sold separately)
•Spare Backup
•GatewayShield Comprehensive Security: Norton Internet Security 2008 (60-day complimentary live updates)
•Gateway BigFix – helps identify and solve problems
•Gateway Games Powered by: WildTangent (pre-installed with 10 demo games and 60 minutes of game play)
User-Installed Software:
•DVD 1: World Book Encyclopedia 2008
•DVD 2: Entertainment – Aquazone Desktop Garden, Hoyle Board Games 2007, Hoyle Puzzle Games 2007, Morpheus Photo Animation Suite, Muppet Babies – Thinking and Sorting, My Scrapbook 2, Serif Creativity Suite (Serif Draw Plus 8, Serif Page Plus X2, Serif Panorama Plus 3, Serif Photo Plus 11, Serif Web Plus 10), Sudoku Crunch and Wizard Chess.
•DVD 3: Productivity and Reference – ACT! 2007, Budget Express 3.0, Cook n with Betty Crocker, EMC Retrospect Express HD, Family Tree Heritage 7, Form Tool Deluxe 6, Quicken Willmaker Plus 2008, Stuffit Deluxe 11, Sunbird Calendar, Thunderbird Email, Turbo FloorPlan Landscape and Deck, Turbo FloorPlan Home Designer and Typing Instructor Deluxe.
•CD 1, 2 and 3 – Tiger Woods 2007

Just depends what you will be using it for.

Arm yourself with the mobile know-how to navigate anywhere–the Satellite A205S5831 notebook computer. A 1.73GHz Intel Pentium dual-core processor T2370 and 1024MB PC5300 DDR2 SDRAM allow you to take the office or the entertainment on the road without missing a beat.

The generous 160GB SATA hard drive supports your media and data collections, and the DVD SuperMulti +/-R double-layer drive accommodates 11 disc formats so you can easily add to your library or transfer files. Atheros 802.11b/g wireless LAN puts a cordless connection at your fingertips, and the 15.4" diagonal WXGA widescreen TruBrite TFT LCD display projects everything from word processing to the Web in the utmost clarity.

When you’re on the move, the Elite nylon carrying case makes packing and protecting your notebook easier than ever. The lightweight yet durable bag is outfitted with an interior padded laptop sleeve and space for files and magazines; a front flap pocket for pens, CDs, and other essentials; and a smaller zip pocket for your keys or cell phone. From Toshiba.

QVC neither condones nor encourages the use of this, or any similar technology, to acquire unauthorized recordings of copyrighted works; inclusive of, but not limited to, the download of prerecorded media via the Internet.

Wireless capability and use of public wireless locations or hot spots may require a network connection, additional accessories, and a service connection fee.

Access to and use of the Internet may require payment of a separate fee to an Internet Service Provider, DSL line, or more. The download speeds experienced with the modem may be slower due to varying line conditions.

Not all DVD-R/-RW and DVD+R/+RW discs are compatible with all DVD-R/-RW and DVD+R/+RW players. Contact the manufacturer for further information.

Onyx Blue Metallic Finish.
•Includes notebook, AC adapter, 4000mAh lithium-ion battery, case
•1.73GHz Intel Pentium dual-core processor T2370
•Mobile Intel GL960 Express chipset
•15.4" diagonal WXGA widescreen TruBrite TFT LCD display with 1280×800 resolution, native 720p signal support
•1024MB PC5300 DDR2 SDRAM
•160GB SATA hard drive
•DVD SuperMulti +/-R double-layer drive, supports 11 formats
•Atheros 802.11b/g wireless LAN
•Mobile Intel Graphics Media Accelerator X3100 with 8MB to 256MB dynamically allocated shared graphics memory
•Built-in stereo speakers
•Modem
•10/100 ethernet
•TouchPad
•5-in-1 bridge media adapter: SD, MS, MS Pro, MMC, xD Picture Card
•Four USB 2.0 ports
•RGB, S-video, headphone outputs
•Microphone input
•RJ-45, RJ-11, IEEE 1394 ports
•ExpressCard slot
•Genuine Windows Vista Home Premium SP1
•MS Works 9
•Adobe Acrobat Reader
•Ulead DVD MovieFactory 5
•Toshiba ConfigFree, Disc Creator
•Measures approximately 14-1/4"W x 10-5/8"H x 1-1/2"D
•UL listed adapter; 1-year Limited Manufacturer’s Warranty
•Made in China
OR————————

Effortlessly maneuver through cyber space with the Gateway 15.4 Dual Core, 1GB RAM, 80GB HDD Laptop Computer. Featuring AMD Athlon X2 Mobile Technology that lets you experience revolutionary performance, unbelievable system responsiveness and energy-efficiency second to none. Don’t slow down for virus scan, multiple programs, or multimedia downloads – these dual desktop processors are up to 40% faster and awaiting your every command.
Gateway M-1412 Laptop Computer Features:

Processor: AMD Athlon X2 Mobile Technology TK-57 (1.9GHz)

Memory: 1024MB DDR2 Dual-Channel, expandable to 4GB

Hard Drive: 80GB HD

Optical Drive: 8x Multi-Format Dual Layer DVD+/-RW with DVD-RAM featuring LabelFlash Technology. Write max: 8x DVD+/-R, 6x DVD-RW, 8x DVD+RW, 2x DVD-R DL, 2.4x DVD+R DL, 5x DVD-RAM, 24x CD-R and 16x CD-RW disks. Read max: 8x DVD-R/RW/ROM, 4x DVD+/-R DL, 5x DVD-RAM, 24x CD-R/RW/ROM disks.

Operating System: Windows Vista Home Premium with SP1

LCD Monitor: 15.4" Widescreen Ultrabright WXGA TFT (1280×800)

Media Card Reader: 5-in-1 digital media manager – Secure Digital (SD), Memory Stick (MS), Memory Stick Pro, Multimedia Card (MMC) and XD-Picture Card

Other Differentiator: Synaptics touchpad with vertical scroll and metal touch-sensitive multimedia buttons

Additional Features and Specifications:
•System Bus: 256KBx2
•Cache Memory: L2 HyperTransport technology at up to 1600MHz
•Graphics: ATI Radeon X1270
•Video Memory: Up to 256MB of HyperMemory
•Mouse: Synaptics touchpad with vertical scroll
•Speakers: Stereo speakers, Microphone In, Headphone/Audio Out
•Modem: 56K ITU V.92 fax/modem
•Network Interface: 10/100 Mbps built-in Ethernet
•Ports: (1) Expresscard Type 54 Expansion Slot, (3) USB 2.0, (1) VGA connector, (1) RJ11-modem, (1) RJ45-Ethernet, (1) AC adapter connector, (1) Kensington Lock Slot, (1) Microphone, (1) Headphone/SPDIF Audio Out, (1) HDMI connector v1.2
•Wireless Network Adapter: 802.11g
•Measures approx. 10.39"L x 14.09"W x 1.4"H
•Weighs 6.29 lbs.
•Model #M-1412
•ETL listed
•Made in China
•Comes with a manufacturer’s 1-year limited warranty
Accessories Include:
•Lithium-ion battery
•3 PC essential software DVDs (not pre-installed)
•3 Tiger Woods 2007 CDs
•User manual
Pre-Installed Software:
•MS Works 9.0
•MS Money Essentials
•MS Office Home and Student 2007 (60-day complimentary trial period)
•Adobe Reader 8
•CyberLink Power2Go for DVD Burning
•Microsoft Windows Media Player 11
•Napster 3.0 (30-day trial)
•Microsoft Internet Explorer
•Google toolbar and Google desktop search
•AOL (90-day complimentary trial)
•Gateway Connect
•NetZero Internet Access
•Windows Live Messenger for Video Conferencing
•LoJack for Laptops BIOS Hardware Persistence Agent (subscription required to activate)
•Kensington Lock Slot (cable lock sold separately)
•Spare Backup
•GatewayShield Comprehensive Security: Norton Internet Security 2008 (60-day complimentary live updates)
•Gateway BigFix – helps identify and solve problems
•Gateway Games Powered by: WildTangent (pre-installed with 10 demo games and 60 minutes of game play)
User-Installed Software:
•DVD 1: World Book Encyclopedia 2008
•DVD 2: Entertainment – Aquazone Desktop Garden, Hoyle Board Games 2007, Hoyle Puzzle Games 2007, Morpheus Photo Animation Suite, Muppet Babies – Thinking and Sorting, My Scrapbook 2, Serif Creativity Suite (Serif Draw Plus 8, Serif Page Plus X2, Serif Panorama Plus 3, Serif Photo Plus 11, Serif Web Plus 10), Sudoku Crunch and Wizard Chess.
•DVD 3: Productivity and Reference – ACT! 2007, Budget Express 3.0, Cook n with Betty Crocker, EMC Retrospect Express HD, Family Tree Heritage 7, Form Tool Deluxe 6, Quicken Willmaker Plus 2008, Stuffit Deluxe 11, Sunbird Calendar, Thunderbird Email, Turbo FloorPlan Landscape and Deck, Turbo FloorPlan Home Designer and Typing Instructor Deluxe.
•CD 1, 2 and 3 – Tiger Woods 2007

look it all depends on what u are using this cpu for. (gaming,work,school,internet searching,multimedia entertainment) Tosheiba is one of the best affordable companies, but if you can save the money get an alienware. They are the leading pc designers with hardware like quad processors, terabyte memory, 8 gig ram, up to 4 g/hrz processing…The addition of games and software is a huge waist of space and not something you should take into consideration when looking for a pc. alienware pc’s wont go out of style like most cpu’s in a few months, they will last years.

i want to know which one of these laptops will play videogames better number 1 or number 2?

number 1.The Basics

Processor: Experience improved energy efficiency, expanded wireless connectivity, and amazing battery life with the 45nm Penryn series Intel Core 2 Duo T9300 processor, which has a 2.50 GHz processor speed, super-fast 800 MHz front-side bus (FSB), and a super-sized 6 MB L2 cache. (An L2, or secondary, cache temporarily stores data; and a larger L2 cache can help speed up your system’s performance. The FSB carries data between the CPU and RAM, and a faster front-side bus will deliver better overall performance.) The new hafnium-infused circuitry–which reduces electrical current leakage in transistors–conserves even more energy, giving you more time away from the wall outlet. And you’ll be able to encode video on-the-go and watch HD movies with Intel HD Boost.
The Intel Core 2 Duo processor has two computational execution cores in a single processor, providing greater system response when running multi-threaded applications simultaneously with no significant increase in power consumption. It’s optimized for multitasking and is ready to support the Microsoft Windows Vista operating system. It can simultaneously run multiple demanding applications–such as graphics-intensive games or serious number-crunching business productivity applications–while downloading music or running virus-scanning security programs in the background. Some of the advanced Intel innovations of the Core 2 Duo processor include:

Smart Memory Access: Improves system performance by hiding memory latency, thus optimizing the use of available computer data bandwidth to provide data to the processor when and where it is needed.
Advanced Digital Media Boost: Effectively doubles the execution speed for instructions used widely in multimedia and graphics applications.
Dynamic Power Coordination: Coordinates Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology and idle power-management state (C-states) transitions independently per core to help save power.
Deeper Sleep with Dynamic Cache Sizing: Saves power by flushing cache data to system memory during periods of inactivity to lower CPU voltage.

Hard Drive: This notebook provides a stunning 400 GB of storage, spread across two 200 GB Serial ATA hard drives (5400 RPM), offering one of the largest capacities you’ll currently find in a laptop You’ll enjoy the space for storing your entire music collection as well as your DVDs and downloaded TV shows and movies. This SATA hard drive also quickens the pace with a higher speed transfer of data–akin to Firewire and USB 2.0.

Memory: The 3 GB of installed RAM (PC5300, 1 x 2 GB, 2 x 1 GB) helps boost the amount of available video RAM that’s shared with this notebook’s video card. It also offers a top-of-class 667 MHz speed. This notebook has a 4 GB maximum RAM capacity (2 x 2 GB). To receive the faster data transfer benefits of the dual-channel DDR2 RAM, any RAM additions require memory modules of same capacity and clockspeed.

DVD/CD Drive: The dual-layer Labelflash DVD drive is compatible with a wide range of formats, including both DVD RW and DVD-RW discs, CD-RW discs, and dual-layer (DL) DVD /-R discs, which can hold up to 8.5 GB of data–great for backing up your MP3 collection or your most important documents. It features the following speeds: 4x DVD R DL, 4x DVD-R DL, 8x for both single-layer DVD R/-R, 8x DVD RW, 6x DVD-RW, 5x DVD-RAM, and 24x/16x for CD-R/RW. It reads DVD-ROM discs at 8x and CD-ROMs at 24x.
With the Labelflash functionality, you can burn high-resolution, high-contrast pictures on the label side of DVD discs using the same laser used for data recording. Enjoy transparency and high-quality not found in traditional printable media. All you need is a Labelflash DVD disc to start labeling without a printer.

Keyboard & Mouse: This notebook has a 104-key keyboard–with 10-keypad on the side–and electro-static two-button touchpad. It also offers CD/DVD media player and control buttons (play, stop, next, previous) as well as a volume control dial.
Screen, Video & Audio
This notebook has a 17-inch TFT display with a resolution of 1680 x 1050 pixels (native 720p for high-definition viewing). It also provides TruBrite technology, which makes images brighter and more vivid thanks to its anti-glare feature. Video is powered by the Nvidia SLI Dual GeForce 8600M graphics card, which provides up to 767 MB of available RAM/video memory (512 MB dedicated DDR3 RAM) for unmatched HD video performance on a notebook PC. (GDDR3, short for Graphics Double Data Rate, version 3, is a graphics card-specific memory technology that’s better able to deliver fluid frame rates for even the most advanced games and applications.) With support for Microsoft DirectX 10 Shader Model 4.0 and High Dynamic-Range Lighting (HDR), it lets you rip through all of today’s most advanced and cutting-edge games and applications. Experience real-time photo editing, or immerse yourself in the most complex, true-to-life gaming environments.
It includes the Dolby Home Theater set of features, which provide up to 5.1 discrete channels of crystal-clear digital surround sound as well as virtual 5.1-channel surround sound experience from any pair of stereo speakers. It also features four stylishly incorporated Harman Kardon stereo speakers with a built-in subwoofer.

Networking, Connectivity & Expansion
Be ready for the next platform in wireless connectivity with this notebook’s integrated quad-mode Wi-Fi chip. Based on the draft 802.11n Wi-Fi specification, it offers up to five times the performance and twice the wireless range as existing 802.11g wireless. It’s also backward compatible with 802.11b/g networks (commonly found in home routers and wi-fi hotspots) as well as 802.11a networks (which has a higher throughput, but more limited range–great for closed office environments). You also get super-fast wired connectivity, with a Gigabit Ethernet port (10/100/1000). You’ll enjoy wireless connectivity to a wide range of peripherals with the built-in Bluetooth 2.0 with EDR (enhanced data rate), which offers up to three times the bandwidth of standard Bluetooth.

It also includes a next-generation ExpressCard 54/34 card slot (as well as a standard PCMCIA slot), which lets you take advantage of thinner, faster, and lighter expansion cards for even more advanced wireless, networking, storage, and security features. You get a good offering of connectivity options:

6 USB 2.0 ports for connecting a wide range of peripherals–from digital cameras to MP3 players
1 FireWire (also known as IEEE 1394 or i.Link) port for connecting digital video camcorders and other peripherals
1 HDMI output (for connecting to a compatible HDTV or home theater receiver for uncompressed digital audio and video via a single cable)
Standard video output: VGA and S-Video
1 ExpressCard 54/34
1 headphone jack (with S/PDIF digital audio compatibility) and 1 microphone jack
5-in-1 memory card reader (Secure Digital, MultiMedia, Memory Stick, Memory Stick PRO, xD Picture Card)
10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet
56K modem (V.90)
Operating System
The Windows Vista Ultimate operating system (32-bit version) has it all–an advanced, business-focused infrastructure, mobile productivity, and premium home digital entertainment features. It offers all of the features found in Windows Vista Home Premium, including Windows Media Center, Windows Movie Maker with high-definition support, and Windows DVD Maker. It also provides all of the features found in Windows Vista Business, including business networking, centralized management tools, and advanced system backup features. In addition, Windows Vista Ultimate includes Extras such as:

Windows Hold’em, a poker game for players of all skill levels
Language packs for Windows multi-language interface, where users can install and use multiple languages on a single PC. Great for multi-lingual households or if you are learning a new language.
Secure Online Key Backup, where Ultimate users can store their BitLocker recovery password and Encrypting File System certificate on Windows Marketplace’s Digital Locker website for access to the key anytime, anyplace, and from any computer that has an Internet connection
BitLocker Drive Preparation Tool, an automated tool which removes the complexity of setting up your PC to use this exclusive data security feature.
Every edition of Windows Vista provides the essential tools and technologies to help protect you whether you are browsing the Internet, connecting to a wireless network, or just reading e-mail. All editions of Windows Vista include new tools that can warn you of impending hardware failures long before you have lost any important personal data. And, all Windows Vista editions include parental control features that allow you to manage and monitor your family’s use of games, the Internet, instant messaging, and other activities.

Preloaded Software
Microsoft Works 9.0, Google Desktop and Picasa, Ulead DVD MovieFactory 5, Norton 360 All-in-One Security (30-day trial), and Microsoft Office 2007 Home and Student Edition (60-day trial).

Dimensions & Weight
This notebook measures 15.7 x 11.3 x 2.05 inches and weighs 9.37 pounds.

Power
It comes with a 6000 mAH lithium-ion battery pack for extra-long battery life.

What’s in the Box
This package contains the X205-SLI6 notebook PC, rechargeable lithium-ion battery, AC adapter, remote control, and operating instructions. It is backed by a one-year limited hardware warranty.

Product Description
The Satellite X205-SLi6 is action at your fingertips for hard-core gaming or heavy-duty video editing in one sleek designed notebook, with eye-popping views from the brilliant 17-inch diagonal WSXGA TruBrite widescreen display. One-touch launch of the Dual Mode Pad and you face off in full throttle mode with the newest Intel Core 2 Duo T9300 processor with 6MB L2 Cache. Top gamers will appreciate the top-of-the-line NVIDIA SLI Dual GeForce 8600M GT graphics card with 512MB dedicated video RAM, for uncompromising gaming stamina for mind over muscle defeat of your opponent. Dual 200GB (7200rpm) hard drives, 3GB RAM as well as upgraded 1GB LAN connectivity for faster transfer rates provide an uninterrupted thrill-packed adventure. Burn, rip and store more multimedia files with the DVD SuperMulti drive and with the TV Tuner watch and record live TV programs. Amp up the audio with four built-in Harman Kardon speakers and subwoofer. Connect to LCD or Plasma TV in HD, courtesy of the HDMI connector with support for up to 1080i and 5.1-surround sound. 17.0 diagonal WSXGA (1680 x 1050) TruBrite TFT LCD display PCI-E x16 NVIDIA SLI Dual GeForce 8600M GT, 512MB GDDR3 discrete graphics memory, plus up to 255MB dynamically allocated shared graphics memory Built-in Webcam and microphone Toshiba USB HDTV 1080i Tuner (External) Labelflash DVD -R/RW SuperMulti Drive with Double Layer 4 Built-in Harman/Kardon Stereo speakers with 1 subwoofer Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965 802.11A/B/G/N 10/100/1000 Ethernet LAN Bluetooth v2.0 (EDR) Fingerprint reader 5-in-1 Bridge Media Adapter – MMC, SD, MS, MS Pro, xD ExpressCard 54/34 Slot 6 x USB 2.0, Headphone out; Microphone-in, VGA, S-Video, HDMI, IEEE-1394, RJ-11(Modem), RJ-45 Approximate Unit Dimensions – 15.7 (W) x 11.3 (D) x 2.05 (H) Approximate Unit Weight – 9.37 pounds

or number 2.Intel Core 2 Duo T8300 2.4GHz Processor
3MB L2 Cache 800MHz Bus speed
3072MB DDR2 (PC2-5300) RAM Max: 4GB
320GB (2 x 160GB, 7200RPM) SATA Hard Drive
17.0" diagonal WSXGA (1440 x 900) TruBrite TFT LCD display
PCI-E x16 NVIDIA SLI Dual GeForce 8600M GT, 512MB GDDR3 Discrete graphics memory, plus up to 255MB dynamically allocated shared graphics memory
Built-in Webcam and microphone
Labelflash DVD±R/RW SuperMulti Drive with Double Layer
4 Built-in Harman/Kardon Stereo speakers with 1 subwoofer
Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965 802.11A/B/G/N
10/100/1000 Ethernet LAN
Bluetooth v2.0 (EDR)
Fingerprint reader
5-in-1 Bridge Media Adapter: MMC, SD, MS, MS Pro, xD
ExpressCard 54/34 Slot
6 x USB 2.0, Headphone out; Microphone-in, VGA, S-Video, HDMI, IEEE-1394, RJ-11(Modem), RJ-45
Approximate Unit Dimensions: 15.7" (W) x 11.3" (D) x 2.05" (H)
Approximate Unit Weight: 9.37lbs

i want to know which one can play games like crysis and wow and assassins creed please help!

wow man you trying to write a book lol number 2 man wow it took me nearly 10 minute’s to read sure am glad that is over with lol ava

Abstract

The current study looked at the relationship between risk free rate and stock market return. A five year monthly basis time series data from 2003-2007 of T-bills and KSE-100 index were taken for research study. For the analysis of data, simple regression model approach was applied. Stock market return was taken as dependent variable whereas Risk free rates as independent variables. Also, Pearson Correlation Matrix was also obtained through correlation model. The results suggested that risk free rates had no effect on dependant variable. Furthermore, no correlation between risk free rate and stock market return was found. Consequently, a bivariate relationship cannot exist between risk free rate and stock market return. A multiple regression model of the risk free rate and stock market return exhibits a strong autocorrelation, indicating that the stock market return is a function of more variable than risk free rate.

1. Introduction:

The risk free rate is the return on the security or a portfolio of securities that is free from default risk. Theoretically, the return on a zero-beta portfolio is the best estimate of the risk free rate. The CAPM predicts the relation ship risk of an asset and its expected return. This relationship is very useful in two important ways. First, it produces a benchmark for evaluating various investments. Second, it helps us to make an informed guess about the return that can be expected from an asset that has not been traded in the market.

Risk free rate is an increasingly essential ingredient of every return computed on financial assets. The security market line (SML) predicts a simple linear relationship between expected return and standard deviation while capital market line (CML) contributes a relationship between risk free rate and straight line emanating from risk free rate(Rf) to tangential to the efficient frontier.

Investors combine their uncorrelated securities help to lesson the risk of a portfolio. They want to know the reasonable level of risk reduction about their portfolios. Research studies look at what happens to portfolio risk as randomly selected stocks are combined to form equally weighted portfolios. When we begin with single stock, the risk of the portfolio is only the standard deviation of that one stock. As the number of randomly selected stocks held in the portfolio is increased, the total risk of the portfolio is reduced.

The total risk of comprise systematic risk and unsystematic risk. Systematic risk is due to risk factors that affect the overall market- such as changes in the nation’s economy, world energy situation, world political and economic situation. This kind of risk is not diversifiable even the well-diversified portfolio expose to this type of risk. The second component, unsystematic risk, is unique to particular company. It is independent to all factors regarding systematic risk. Investors always want to be compensated for taking systematic risk. They should not, however, expect the market to provide any extra compensation for bearing avoidable, diversifiable, unsystematic risk. It is this logic that lies behind capital asset pricing model (CAPM).

2. Significance of study:

This study aims to investigate the relationship between risk free rate (T-bills) and market return of Karachi stock exchange KSE-100 index. There was a controversy among the investors; some were of the view that Risk Free Rate affects the market positively while others were of the view stock market return moves independently irrespective of Risk Free Rates.

Thus in order to resolve this controversy, current study was conducted with the following objectives.

3. Objectives of study:

The following objective would be fulfilled during the study:

·        To see quantitative impact of Risk Free Rate on Stock market return.

·        To workout the correlation between risks free rate and stock market return.

·        Suggestions and recommendation for investors.

4. Literature Review:

Peter Easton at el (July 2000) elaborated the empirical estimation of the expected rate of return on a portfolio of stocks. They inverted residual income valuation model to obtain an estimate of the expected rate of return for a portfolio of stocks. They used analogous approach in estimation of internal rate of return on a bond using market value and coupon payments. They contributed through the use of stock price and accounting data to simultaneously estimate the unique implied growth rate and internal rate of return. They recommended adjusted growth rate for valuation return of stocks. They proved that estimated market premium over the risk free rate is closer to the historical premium that that obtained by other studies using earning forecast data.

Roger G. Ibbotson (July 2002) estimated long run stock market return participating in the real economy. He decomposed the 1926-2000 historical equity return into supply factors including inflation, earnings, dividends, price to earning ratio, dividend payout ratio, book value, return on equity and GDP per capita. He concluded that the growth overall economic productivity is in line with the growth of corporate productivity measured by earnings. The bulk of return comes from dividend payment and nominal earning including inflation and earning growth. In order to calculate incremental risk and return, bonds have been used as reference point.

Christian Lundblad (February 2004) discussed risk-return tradeoff which is fundamental to finance. Previous studies found weaker relationship between the risk premium on the market portfolio and variance of its return in spite of the positive relationship. He explained this weakness is due to the fact of small nature of available data, as an extremely large number of time- series observations are required to precisely estimate this relationship.  His main focus was on large span of data of each component required to compute the risk-return trade off which is indispensable for theory of finance.

Hui Guo and Robert F. Whitelaw (April 2005) developed evidence of intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) and proved with the positive the relationship between stock market risk and return and  the extent to which stock market volatility moves stock prices. They provided new evidence on the risk-return relation by estimating a variant of Merton’s (1973) intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM). They identified the two components of expected return- the risk component and the component due to the desire to hedge changes in investment opportunities. They proved that the estimated coefficient of relative risk aversion positive, statistically significant.

Rong Huang at el (May 2005) in the study of BM company, used residual-income valuation model simultaneously to estimate relationship between long term growth rate in abnormal earnings and cost of capital. They related forward, earnings-to- price (FEP) and book- to-market ratio in a linear fashion. The slope coefficient on BM is the long-term growth rate of abnormal earnings (g), and the constant term is the effective cost of capital, i.e., the difference between the cost of capital (r) and the growth rate in abnormal earnings. To empirically implement this valuation representation, they used the analysts’ one-year-ahead earnings forecasts to compute FEP and  regressed  the difference between FEP and the risk free rate (rf) on BM diminished by one, such that the intercept captures the firm-specific risk premium (rp) and the slope coefficient captures the firm-specific, long-term growth in abnormal earnings (g). They extracted the risk-free rate from FEP to account for the covariance in FEP and the risk-free rate.

Mika Vaihekoski (2007) discussed how to compute risk free rate from money market instruments, especially for test of capital asset pricing model and event studies. He used US T-bills and CDs for calculation. He presented two alternative approaches: the interest compounding approach and price difference approach. He concluded that the price difference approach is superior to commonly used compounding method. He did event studies and time series with the help of US T-bills whereas they are used for calculation of risk free rates.

Tamal Datta Chaudhuri (April 2008) used a structural approach to stock market return, risk-free rate and Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). He developed a structural model, which shows interdependent relationship between risk free rate and stock market returns. It gives a new macroeconomics structural features which shape the price movement in stock exchange. He used a Granger test and a Sims test to prove the interdependence of two variables. He suggested that instead using of exogenous values of stock market returns and risk free rate, one should use estimated values of these variable form reduced form equation of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). He tested and proved with the data of individual companies.

5. Methodology:

5.1              Data collection

In order to conduct the current study all the stock markets of Pakistan were proposed, to be taken for study purpose. The stock markets in Pakistan were Lahore stock exchange (LSE), Islamabad stock exchange (ISE) and Karachi stock exchange (KSE) with different indices. Among these all, KSE-100 index was most important and working at top level in Pakistan. One hundred top companies from Karachi Stock Exchange comprise KSE-100 index. Historical data indicated that most of the investors were investing in the KSE-100. The performance of the total businesses of Pakistan can be viewed by the movement of KSE-100 index. Keeping in view, the importance of KSE-100 index, a sample of indices from (2003-2007) was selected for data collection and was taken as dependent variable.

Similarly T-Bill is an important instrument of monetary policy, operated by State Bank of Pakistan. Through the T-bills, the central bank of Pakistan controls the economy and interest rate of the country. T-bill rates were collected from the State Bank of Pakistan for same period and were taken as independent variables. Then the data were feed into the computer software in the work sheet form.

5.2              Hypothesis Formulation

Ho:         The risk free rate has no impact on market return.

Ha:         The risk free rate has impact on market return.

5.3              Hypothesis Testing

In order to test these hypotheses, simple regression model in the following form was applied. The regression model was as under:

Y = ? +? X1 + €

Where

X1       =         values of risk free rate

?          =         Y intercept

?          =         Slope coefficient

Y          =         values of stock market return

€          =         Error Term

It is estimated by the regression equation.

Where

?           =         values of stock market return in the sample

a          =         y intercept

b          =         slope coefficient.

x          =         values of risk free rates in the sample.

Whereas

b          =         slope of estimated regression equation

X         =         values of the risk free rates

Y          =         values of the stock market return

=         Mean of the risk free rates.

=         Mean of the Stock market return

n          =         Number of observations in the sample

Whereas

=         Mean of the Stock market return

=         Mean of the risk free rates

a          =         y intercept

b          =         slope coefficient.

 

 

 

 

The coefficient of determinant, R2 measures how well independent variable explains the dependent variable, that is, the degree of association between dependent variable and independent variables.

The applied model included one dependent variable and one explanatory variable. In the current study the risk free rate was considered as explanatory variable while market return as dependent variable.

6. Results and discussions:

Data collected from 2003-2008 years on monthly basis was analyzed by applying Simple Regression Model Approach in the following form.

Y = a +b X1 + €

Whereas

Y          =         Stock Market Return

X1        =         Risk Free Rate

b          =         Coefficient of X1

a          =         intercept

€          =         Error

6.1              Empirical Results

Empirical results drawn through regression model approach are given in the table below.

Table -1

 

 

 

Variables

Coefficients

t-Stat

 

 

 

Intercept

0.0399

2.782

 

 

 

Risk free rate

-0.0055

-0.843

 

 

 

R Square

0.012

 

 

 

6.2              Hypothesis Testing:

Ho       =         0

Ha       ?         0

Data in the table (1) revealed that there was negative association between risk free rate and market return. But statistically this variable was found insignificant. Thus null hypothesis was accepted that risk free rate was not significant explanatory variable. Alternative hypothesis was rejected. Figure (a) also indicates that there is no relation between them.

6.3               Coefficient of determination (R2)

It is the primary way, we can measure the extent or strength of association that exists between two variables, dependent and independent variables or in other way the coefficient of determination is developed to measure the amount of variation in dependent variable that is explained by the regression line.

Data given in the table-1 indicated that the estimated value of R2 was 0.0123 showing that the strength of association between stock market return and risk free rates was very poor or in other words, only 1.2% of the total variation in stock market returns was being explained due to independent variable.

Figure a

6.4              Correlation Coefficient

Coefficient of correlation is the second measure that can be used to describe how well one variable is explained by another variable. When study is based on some sample date, then coefficient of correlation is denoted by (r) and statistically is the square root of sample coefficient of determination.

Coefficient of correlation (r) = 2     —————— (b)

When the slope of estimation equation (b) is positive r is the positive square root but if (b) is negative, r is the negative square root. Thus sign of r indicates the direction of relationship between two variables-stock market return and risk free rate.

In the present study scenario the value of (r) coefficient of determination was found

r   = -0.11

Thus relationship between two variables was negative indicating that slop is negative. The amount of r was 0.11 which indicated that risk free rate was poor explanatory variable for stock market return.

In order to see the two way relationship between the two variables that is RFR and market return.  Pearson Correlation Matrix was obtained by analysis the data, through correlation model.

The results obtained through this analysis are given in the table-2.

Table-2

Correlation

 

 

RFR

M Return

 

 

 

RFR¹                Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)

1.000

-0.110

0.403

 

 

 

M Return²        Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)

-0.110

0.403

1.000

 

 

 

¹ Risk Free rates

² Stock Market Return

The above table-2 indicates that the correlation between risk free rate and stock market return is negative. The correlation -0.110 is in-significant as the P value is 0.403 > 0.05.

Data given in the table-2 indicated that there was found no significant relation between these two variables; it was found that RFR and Market return move independently with each other.

 

 

 

7. Conclusion:

Correlation coefficient is a standardized statistical measure of linear relationship between two variables. A positive correlation coefficient indicates that the returns from two securities generally move in the same direction, while a negative correlation coefficient implies that they generally move in opposite direction. A zero correlation coefficient implies that implies that the returns from two securities are uncorrelated; they show no tendency to vary together in either positive or negative linear fashion.

The current study had the prime objective to identify the some relationship between risk free rate and stock market return. It was concluded that the risk free rates had no effect upon stock market return. These variables move independently ineffective from each other as there was very poor correlation and weak association between the two variables. These results also consistent with the study of Confidence A. Amadi, (Associate Professor of finance at Florida A &M University) who conducted the study on the relationship between the market risk premium and risk free interest rate.

8. Recommendations:

In the current scenario of Pakistan, it was the dire need of the investors to find the securities having less correlation that can be used to diversify their portfolios for investments. In the volatile markets like Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), the T-bill is a useful instrument for investors who want to shuffle and readjust their portfolios. Keeping in view the findings and conclusion of the current study, it was proposed and recommended for the investors that they may include T-bills in their investment portfolios in order to save their investments from total collapse. Such diversified investment reduces the risk and increase returns comparatively more. The applied regression model also supports this recommendation.

 

 

 

References:

1.              Empirical estimation of the expected rate of return on a Portfolio of stocks by Peter Easton 2000.

2.              Stock market returns in the long run: participating in the real economy by Roger G. Ibbotson, PhD. July 9, 2002.

3.              A structural approach to Stock Market Returns, Risk Free Rate and CAPM Tamal Datta Chaudhuri Investment Bank Of India, ltd. – Ibs Kolkata the ICFAI journal of applied finance, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 21-31, April 2008.

4.              The risk return tradeoff in the long-run: 1836-2003 Christian Lundblad¤ October 2004 uncovering the risk–return relation in the stock market Hui Guo and Robert F. Whitelaw working paper 2001-001c January 2001 revised April 2005.

5.              An Intertemporal capital asset pricing model by Robert c. Merton Econometrica, vol. 41, no. 5. (Sep., 1973), pp. 867-887.stable URL: econometrica is currently published by the econometric society.

6.              On The Calculation of the Risk Free Rate for Tests of Asset Pricing Models Mika Vaihekoski* Comments are Welcome 01-03-2007.

7.              BM Company, Residual-Income Valuation Model to Estimate Relationship between long term growth rate in abnormal earnings and cost of capital. Rong Huang at el  (May 2005) Accounting Association, Goteborg

8.              Wadhwani, S.B., (1999) “The US Stock Market and the Global Economic Crisis,” National Institute Economic Review, 86-105.

9.              Stock Market Risk-Return Inference, an unconditional non-parametric approach by Thomas Mikosch and C¸At¸Alin St¸Aric¸a and the Danish Research council grant no 21-01-0546.

10.          Bond Portfolio Optimization A Risk-Return Approach by Olaf Korn and Christian Koziol Prof. Dr. Olaf Korn of Corporate Finance, ( March,2002) Aduate School of Management, Burgplatz 2, D-56179 Vallendar, Germany Dr. Christian Koziol, Chair of Finance, University of Mannheim, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany.

11.          On the relationship between the market risk premium and the risk-free interest rate by confidence w. Amadi (Sep, 2005) Finance at Florida A&M University.

 

S.M. Zahid
http://www.articlesbase.com/investing-articles/impact-of-risk-free-rate-on-stock-retuns-evident-from-karachi-stock-exchange-pakistan-694525.html

1.Moore’s law states that the

2.The phenomenon of improved productivity resulting from the act of studying a process rather than from making changes in the process is referred to as

3.In creating a professional action plan, it’s important to

4.Software, biotechnology, and information technology hardware industries are examples of the type of knowledge industry that

5.The right not to be disturbed emotionally by conduct designed to subject the victim to great tensions by baring his intimate life and affairs to public view or by humiliating and annoying invasions of his solitude is the right of

6.Physical items like buildings and machinery are considered _______ capital

7.A measure of technological evolution is the Web year, which is _______ months

8.Social need, social resources, and a sympathetic social context are the three points of

9.The phrase used to describe a society in which information is sought out, evaluated, and valued is

10.Banking, insurance, telecommunications, and education are examples of the type of knowledge industry that

Ans1.
processing power of microchips doubles every 12 months.

Moores law:The number of transistors that can be inexpensively placed on an integrated circuit is increasing exponentially, doubling approximately every years.

Ans2. the Hawthorne effect.

Ans 3. Strong goal statement

Ans 4. has knowledge as its products and services

Ans 5. Right of privacy /Free speech

Ans 6. tangible Capital
Ans 7. 3 months

Ans 8.social impact within the current system.

Ans9. informed democracy

Ans 10.has knowledge as its product.

Hope this will help
Cheers:)

A customer’s opinion about an organization is largely based on the people that he deals with. For the organization, this is the ultimate salesperson. It is the salesperson’s job to build and enhance a customer’s opinion of the company. Therefore, the success or the failure of any organization rests largely on the effectiveness of the salesperson.

Customer servicing, and adding a personal touch, is now a growing trend. As a result, there has been an increase in “face time” with clients, and the focus is largely on servicing the client. With an increasing number of metrics available to measure the outcome, sales management is definitely changing. Furthermore, globalization poses as a challenge, when it comes to understanding how cultural elements influence business behavior.

“Face Time”- the Key to Long-Lasting Success

Face time with the client is one of the biggest factors that contribute towards the lasting success of a sales force. Developing a more productive sales force can increase your revenue, if the sales person is talented and efficient.

The best way to increase productivity is to present your sales force with more freedom. Many sales people opt for hiring an assistant to help increase their face time with clients. This can be a tricky, but a valuable step for the sales expert. An assistant can help free them from the tedium of daily routine and time-consuming paperwork. This will provide the sales expert with more time to return client calls faster, build face time and eventually increase sales.

Metrics and Customer Relationship Management

By using the new CRM, or customer relationship management software that is available on the Internet, the sales professional can increase sales and productivity. CRM computerizes the customer contact, recording it in its database, and improves the production of goods and services by identifying present buying trends, and channeling access to customer information.

Business organizations are recognizing that to meet their business targets, increasing only efficiency is not sufficient. Any organization selling goods and services needs to maintain good customer relations. To measure how good their customer relations are, companies must assess the productivity of their sales force.

Metrics allow managers to assess the following:

-Develop sales efficiency
-Develop customer relations and services
-Increase communication
-Develop forecasts
-Provide the latest information
-Increase profits
-Increase sales time
-Develop sales management
-Develop marketing efficiency
-Reduce sales costs

CRM and metrics are a powerful combination, as managers have more ways to measure the productivity and effectiveness of the sales force.

Globalization and Comprehending Cultures

Companies that sell goods and services over the Internet feel the need to maintain customer relations even more. With competitors just a click away, every online business needs to develop customer services and loyalty, to survive in the market. With an increase in cross-boundary sales, organizations have realized the importance of understanding and comprehending cultural differences.

Foreign governments play an important role, and their rules and regulations should be carefully considered. Cultural consideration involves specific approaches related to the customs of each region, their selling techniques and corporate culture. Cultural considerations are also very important when carrying out management of the sales force. Decisions like whether or not to focus solely on the US corporate culture in foreign countries, rather than permitting them to build their own methods according to their traditions, are key elements to success in globalizing a company.

An organization’s viability depends on the success of the sales force. Improving face time between the sales person and the customer is what creates an effective sales force. Over the years, sales force management has increasingly been in favor of using Metrics and CRM software. As organizations sell to a large number of foreign countries, comprehending and understanding cultural differences is vital for success.

Tony Jacowski
http://www.articlesbase.com/careers-articles/how-to-become-an-effective-sales-manager-113039.html